answer the question find the answer from the article 1

  • 1. Why do voters often face a trade-off between competent politicians and politicians with policy preferences similar to their own? Why/How do electoral rules mediate this trade-off? What is the result on the composition of representative bodies and the quality of policy outcomes shown in Beath et al (2016)? What is the mechanism behind this result?
  • 2. How can candidacy of non-elite candidates be encouraged according to Gulzar and Khan (2018)? How do they test their hypothesis?
  • 3. Why would we expect higher/lower wages to select different politicians? How do Ferraz and Finan (2011) test this hypothesis? What do they find?
  • 4. How can the quality of representation be improved according to Gulzar, Hai and Paudel (2020)? How do they test their claim?
  • 5. Theoretically speaking, what are the pros and cons of these two different strategies to decrease corruption: top-down monitoring and grassroots participation? How does Olken (2007) test which one is more effective? How does he measure corruption?
  • 6. Do Ferraz and Finan show that voters hold politicians accountable for their performance in office? Do public audits increase or decrease accountability? How? How do their result speak to the importance for political selection of an informed electorate and the role played by the media?
  • 7. What is the different between active and passive waste? Can both be considered forms of corruption? What are the sources of active and passive waste? What kind of waste decreases with more bureaucratic discretion? Why? How do Bandiera et al (2009) test these questions? What do they find?