The coding of visual information in your brain results in an exact duplicate of the object’s shape on the surface of the cortex
True / False
1. Johannes Müller held that whatever excites a particular nerve establishes a special kind of energy unique to that nerve.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
General Principles of Perception
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.01 – Remember that we see because light strikes the retina, sending a message to the brain.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
2. The coding of visual information in your brain results in an exact duplicate of the object’s shape on the surface of the cortex.
a.
True
b.
False
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
General Principles of Perception
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.01 – Remember that we see because light strikes the retina, sending a message to the brain.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
3. The cornea is an adjustable structure in the eye that focuses light.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
The Eye and Its Connections to the Brain
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.04 – Trace the route of visual information from the retina to the cerebral cortex.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
4. Amacrine cells refine the input to ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movement, or other visual features.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
The Eye and Its Connections to the Brain
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.04 – Trace the route of visual information from the retina to the cerebral cortex.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
5. Shapes are more easily identified with peripheral vision than foveal vision.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
The Eye and Its Connections to the Brain
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.02 – List the properties of cones and rods.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
6. Photopigments are stable in the dark.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
Visual Receptors: Rods and Cones
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.02 – List the properties of cones and rods.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
7. According to the trichromatic theory, we can perceive only three colors.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
Color Vision
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.03 – Explain the main features of color vision.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
8. The retinex theory accounts for the principle of color constancy.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
Color Vision
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.03 – Explain the main features of color vision.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
9. An object’s location, color, and movement are all processed in the same part of the visual cortex.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
The Primary Visual Cortex
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.04 – Trace the route of visual information from the retina to the cerebral cortex.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
10. Lateral inhibition is the reduction of activity in one neuron by activity in neighboring neurons.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
Processing in the Retina
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.05 – Explain lateral inhibition in terms of the connections among neurons in the retina.
TOPICS:
5.2 How the Brain Processes Visual Information
11. Parvocellular cells respond strongly to moving stimuli and large overall patterns.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
Further Processing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.06 – Define and give examples of receptive fields.
TOPICS:
5.2 How the Brain Processes Visual Information
12. The ventral stream of visual processing is important for identifying movement.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
The Ventral and Dorsal Paths
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.04 – Trace the route of visual information from the retina to the cerebral cortex.
TOPICS:
5.3 Parallel Processing in the Visual Cortex
13. Simple cells are found exclusively in the primary visual cortex.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
The Primary Visual Cortex
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.06 – Define and give examples of receptive fields.
TOPICS:
5.2 How the Brain Processes Visual Information
14. A complex cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
The Primary Visual Cortex
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.06 – Define and give examples of receptive fields.
TOPICS:
5.2 How the Brain Processes Visual Information
15. Infants are born with the ability to control their visual attention.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Understand
REFERENCES:
Detailed Analysis of Shape
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.07 – Describe research on how experiences alter development of the visual cortex.
TOPICS:
5.3 Parallel Processing in the Visual Cortex
Multiple Choice
16. The law of specific nerve energies states that ____.
a.
perception of a repeated stimulus fades
b.
every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light
c.
the speed of action potentials varies depending on the strength of the stimulus
d.
any stimulation above the threshold produces an action potential
ANSWER:
DIFFICULTY:
Bloom’s: Analyze
REFERENCES:
General Principles of Perception
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
KALA.BIOP.16.05.01 – Remember that we see because light strikes the retina, sending a message to the brain.
TOPICS:
5.1 Visual Coding
17. According to the law of specific nerve energies, the brain tells the difference between one sensory modality and another by ____.
a.
which neurotransmitter is released
b.
which neurons are active
