Highlight the correct answer.

1. Angelica wants to win the beauty contest because she wants the trophy and the recognition. She is _extrinsically___ motivated.

a. intrinsically

b. avoidance

c. extrinsically

d. situationally

2. Maslow believed that all human beings strive to become

a. great people

b. self-actualized

c. goal oriented

d. achievement oriented

3. _____________________ theory postulates that bodily reactions occur before the emotions and _____________________ theory postulates that both the bodily reactions and emotions occur at the same time.

a. Cannon–Bard theory; James–Lange theory

b. James–Lange theory; Two factor theory

c. James–Lange theory; Cannon–Bard theory

d. Emotional intelligence; Dual Pathway Model of Fear

4. ______________________ is the ability to manage emotions effectively in a variety of situations.

a. Emotional intelligence

b. Emotional resilience

c. Emotional stability

d. Mental toughness

5. ___________________ believed that the process in which we handle specific psychosocial crises shapes our personality development throughout the lifespan.

a. Sigmund Freud

b. Erik Erickson

c. Jean Piaget

d. Albert Bandura

6. Children tend to view the world based on their personal perspectives. The term for this is

a. centration

b. egocentrism

c. ego identity

d. narcissism

7. _____________ developed his theories on human development by observing his own children interact with the world.

a. Jean Piaget

b. Albert Bandera

c. Erik Erikson

d. Lev Vygotsky

8. ______________ theorized that children learn through the process of interacting with different types of people in their culture and daily lives.

a. Jean Piaget

b. Albert Bandera

c. Erik Erikson

d. Lev Vygotsky

9. Erikson believed one of the biggest challenges people face in late adulthood is their ability to maintain their ______________ as they approach the end of their life.

a. sense of self

b. ego identity

c. ego integrity

d. self-efficacy

10. According to Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, what is the life crisis stage when people develop close relations with others?

a. Identity versus role diffusion

b. Intimacy versus isolation

c. Generativity versus stagnation

d. Integrity versus despair

Fill in the Blank

1. ___Need____________ A state of deprivation or deficiency

2. Biological Drives__________ A state of bodily tension, such as hunger or thirst

3. Incentives_______________ Rewards or other stimuli that motivate us to do something

4. ____Achievement motivation___________ The motive or desire to become successful

5. _Secondary Drives______________ The desire to earn wealth or respect of others

6. ___Drive reduction____________ Achieving self-satisfaction by completing a particular goal

7. _Schachter Theory______________ Feeling states that psychologist view as having cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components

8. _Cannon-Bard Theory______________ The belief that emotions occur after people become aware of the physiological responses to the triggering stimuli

9. _James Lange Theory_______________ The belief that emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously

10. ___Schema_____________ A mental framework for understanding or acting on the environment

11. _Adaptation_______________ The process of adjustment that enables people to function more effectively in meeting the demands they face in the environment

12. _Assimilation_______________ The process of incorporating new objects or situations into existing schemas

13. __Accomadations______________ The process of creating new schemas or modify existing ones to account for new objects and experiences

14. _Object Permanence_______________ The recognition that objects continue to exist even if they disappear from view

15. __Ego centrism______________ The tendency to see the world from one’s own perspective

16. __Ego Identity______________ The attainment of a psychological sense of knowing oneself and one’s direction in life

17. __Self Efficacy______________ A stressful period of self-evaluation on issues relating to personal values and one’s direction in life

18. __Albert Banera______________ Theorist focused on the social relationships that humans have throughout their life

19. _Jean Piaget____________ Theorist who developed his theories on human development by observing his own children interact with the world

20. __Erik Erikson______________ Theorist who developed a stage theory on how moral decision making changes throughout the lifespan.

Short Answer

Outline the theories of motivation from the text.

How do the theories of emotion differ from one another?

Outline the main components of each theory of development.

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